Desafios no diagnóstico de neoplasias metastáticas para o ovário

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Desafios no diagnóstico de neoplasias metastáticas para o ovário

Quarta, 30.11.2016

Anatomopatologistas do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO-Porto) puseram em evidência a variabilidade clínico-patológica às neoplasias metastáticas no ovário e as dificuldades no diagnóstico que essa variabilidade acarreta. O trabalho, publicado na Virchows Archiv, a revista oficial da Sociedade Europeia de Patologia, demonstra que as neoplasias metastáticas no ovário (nomeadamente as com origem no tracto gastrointestinal, ginecológico e mama) são comuns e não raramente são unilaterais e atingem grandes dimensões, contra aquilo que era esperado de acordo com a literatura. Estas neoplasias simulam frequentemente os tumores primários do ovário e muitas vezes constituem a primeira manifestação de um tumor oculto, pelo que a possibilidade de metástase deve ser sempre considerada na avaliação clínica das mulheres com massas ováricas. Existem algumas características morfológicas que auxiliam o diagnóstico diferencial e que permitem sugerir a origem do tumor primário oculto, no entanto a variabilidade de padrões destas neoplasias torna o seu diagnóstico difícil, em especial durante o exame peri-operatório. Adicionalmente, os autores compararam as características morfológicas das neoplasias metastáticas e dos tumores que lhes deram origem, mostrando que frequentemente há diferenças. É comum as metástases ováricas apresentarem transformação cística ou exibirem um padrão apenas focalmente presente no tumor original. Com este estudo fica patente o papel fundamental da multidisciplinaridade na abordagem das doentes com massas ováricas, destacando-se a importância do exame anátomo-patológico no diagnóstico diferencial, o qual tem implicações terapêuticas e prognósticas importantes.

João Lobo 1,2,3, Bianca Machado 1, Renata Vieira 1, Carla Bartosch 1,2,4

1 Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal

2 Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

3 Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal

4 Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

An accurate diagnosis of metastases to the ovary is essential for adequate patient management. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize clinicopathological features of metastatic malignancies that presented as an ovarian mass and compare them with their corresponding primary tumors. We reviewed clinical files and histological material of 120 patients with metastases to the ovary, diagnosed in our center between 2000 and 2014. Metastases were diagnosed before (18 %), synchronously (33 %), or after (49 %) the primary tumor was identified; 25 % were single, 40 % were unilateral; 47 % were ≥13 cm. Most originated from the gastrointestinal tract (73 %), followed by breast (13 %), and female reproductive organs (10 %). Gross features varied with primary tumor site. Metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies were significantly larger and frequently showed necrosis. Metastases to the appendix were cystic (94 %), and almost all metastases to the stomach (96 %) and breast (87 %) were solid. The predominant histological pattern was discordant in 44 % cases, mostly due to cystic changes in ovarian metastases which were observed across several histological types. Other metastases showed a predominant histological pattern which was present only focally in the primary tumor. Metastases showed significantly more edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage, but less lymphovascular invasion and inflammatory infiltrate than the corresponding primary tumors. Metastases to the ovary present highly variable clinicopathological features which frequently differ from those of the corresponding primary tumor. A metastasis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass. All clinical, imaging, macroscopic, and histological aspects must be taken into account to establish a correct diagnosis which is essential for adequate treatment.

Virchows Archiv

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-016-2029-3