Investigadores do Porto descobrem novo biomarcador para deteção precoce do cancro colorretal

Um estudo recente, liderado pelos investigadores Ricardo Marcos-Pinto e Ângela Fernandes, com a primeira autoria de Henrique Fernandes-Mendes, revelou associações entre perfis de glicosilação aberrantes e diversas variáveis clínicas. O estudo, realizado no grupo Immunology, Cancer & Glycomedicine do i3S (liderado pela investigadora Salomé Pinho), demonstrou que o aumento da expressão de N-glicanos ramificados nas células epiteliais correlacionou-se com fatores como idade, tabagismo e dimensões dos pólipos, sugerindo uma possível ligação entre estes açucares e a progressão de cancros colorretais.

Ao identificar perfis de N-glicosilação anormais associados ao avanço da doença, este trabalho abre novas possibilidades para a avaliação de risco em pacientes com lesões pré-malignas. No futuro, os investigadores pretendem avaliar a utilidade clínica destes glicanos como biomarcadores, assim como o papel dos mesmos na orientação para intervenção terapêutica em doentes com cancro colorretal.

Autores e afiliações:

Henrique Fernandes-Mendes^a,b, Catarina M. Azevedo^b,c, Mónica Garrido^d, Carolina Lemos^b,c, Isabel Pedroto^b,e, Salomé S. Pinho^c, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto^b,e *, Ângela Fernandes^c *

^a General Training Intern, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal

^b Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal

^c Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

^d Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal

^e Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal

* Both authors share last authorship

Abstract:

Introduction: The serrated pathway contributes to interval colorectal cancers, highlighting the need for new biomarkers to assess lesion progression risk. The β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans expression in CRC cells was associated with an invasive phenotype and with immune evasion. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential risk factors for progression of serrated lesions (SLs) to malignancy, analyzing the N-glycosylation profile of epithelial/infiltrating immune cells. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed with data from 53 colonoscopies (48 patients). Sixty-three serrated pathway lesions (SPLs) were characterized based on N-glycosylation profile (lectin histochemistry/flow cytometry) and MGAT5 expression. Statistical analysis was performed to search for associations between the glycoprofile and clinical variables from each patient. Results: Increased β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans expression in epithelial cells is found associated with age (p = 0.007 in SPL), smoking (p = 0.038 in SL), increased BMI (p = 0.036 in sessile serrated lesions [SSL]), and polyp dimensions ≥10 mm (p = 0.001 in SL), while increased expression of these structures on immune cells is associated with synchronous CA number (CD4+T cells: p = 0.016; CD8+T cells: p = 0.044 in SL) and female gender (p = 0.026 in SL). Moreover, a lower high-mannose N-glycans expression in immune cells is associated with smoking (p = 0.010 in SPL) and synchronous CA presence (p = 0.010 in SPL). Higher expression of these glycans is associated with female (p = 0.016 in SL) and male (p = 0.044 in SL) gender, left colon location (p = 0.028), dysplasia (p = 0.028), and adenocarcinoma (p = 0.010). Conclusions: We identified an association between an abnormal glycoprofile and several clinical risk factors, proposing the N-glycosylation profile as a potential biomarker of tumor progression in the serrated pathway. The N-glycosylation anatomopathological profile analysis could be further used to decide shorter interval follow-up in patients with SPL.

Revista: GE Port J Gastroenterol

Link: https://karger.com/pjg/article/31/5/338/894621/Risk-Factors-in-Serrated-Pathway-Lesions-N